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Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review and best knowledge synthesis of the present literature concerning biomechanical risk factors for developing first-time and recurrent patella dislocation.
Methods: The study was performed as a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched. Studies investigating participants with risk factors for first-time as well as recurrent patella dislocation were included. The records were screened, and data extracted independently by two researchers supervised by a third independent assessor. The study was registered in PROSPERO.
Results: A total of 6233 records were screened, and 50 studies met the inclusion criteria. The biomechanical risk factors: trochlear dysplasia, increased tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG), and patella alta were found to be statistically significantly associated with patella dislocation in several publications and were thus recognized as risk factors for patella dislocation. The soft-tissue stabilizers: longer and thinner MPFL ligament, increased number of type 2C and decreased number of type 1 muscle fibers, and joint laxity were found to be statistically significantly associated with patella dislocation in a few publications, but due to limited evidence, no conclusion was made on this matter.
Conclusion: There is strong evidence in the literature that abnormalities of bony stabilizers, trochlear dysplasia, increased TT-TG distance, and patella alta are risk factors for patella dislocation. There is less evidence that soft-tissue stabilizers are risk factors. The study emphasizes the importance of a thorough investigation of bony stabilizers in clinical decision-making.
Level of evidence: Level IV.
Keywords: Acute patella dislocation; Anatomical risk factors; Biomechanical risk factors; Knee; Recurrent patella dislocation; Risk factors.
© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA).
Methods: The study was performed as a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched. Studies investigating participants with risk factors for first-time as well as recurrent patella dislocation were included. The records were screened, and data extracted independently by two researchers supervised by a third independent assessor. The study was registered in PROSPERO.
Results: A total of 6233 records were screened, and 50 studies met the inclusion criteria. The biomechanical risk factors: trochlear dysplasia, increased tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG), and patella alta were found to be statistically significantly associated with patella dislocation in several publications and were thus recognized as risk factors for patella dislocation. The soft-tissue stabilizers: longer and thinner MPFL ligament, increased number of type 2C and decreased number of type 1 muscle fibers, and joint laxity were found to be statistically significantly associated with patella dislocation in a few publications, but due to limited evidence, no conclusion was made on this matter.
Conclusion: There is strong evidence in the literature that abnormalities of bony stabilizers, trochlear dysplasia, increased TT-TG distance, and patella alta are risk factors for patella dislocation. There is less evidence that soft-tissue stabilizers are risk factors. The study emphasizes the importance of a thorough investigation of bony stabilizers in clinical decision-making.
Level of evidence: Level IV.
Keywords: Acute patella dislocation; Anatomical risk factors; Biomechanical risk factors; Knee; Recurrent patella dislocation; Risk factors.
© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA).
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 31 |
| Pages (from-to) | 3806-3846 |
| Journal | Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Artrhoscopy (KSSTA) |
| Volume | 31 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Feb 2023 |
Keywords
- Acute patella dislocation
- Recurrent patella dislocation
- Knee
- Risk factors
- Anatomical risk factors
- Biomechanical risk factors
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FKC: Tann Føroyski knæ-kanningarbólkuring. Ein kanning av etiologi og langtíðar avleiðingum av Trochelar Dysplasi og knæ-skels keiking.
Eysturoy, N. H. (PI), Barfod, K. W. (PI), Mortensen, E. (CoI), Blønd, L. (CoPI), Husum, H.-C. (CoPI), Gregersen, N. O. (CoI) & Andorsdóttir, G. (CoI)
4/10/21 → 1/04/26
Project: Research
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