Motivating factors for individuals aged 40–70 years with type-2 diabetes to engage in physical activity

Introduction: Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease resulting from inadequate insulin production or impaired insulin function. Globally, T2D poses a significant health burden with various complications. While a healthy lifestyle is key to delaying complications of T2D, sustaining long-term habits such as maintaining a healthy weight, following a proper diet, and engaging in physical activity (PA) remains challenging for many patients. Despite growing awareness and earlier diagnosis of T2D, motivation to adopt and maintain these behaviors is often challenged. Traditionally, motivation has been viewed in terms of strength and quantity, with less focus on its type, quality, and orientation. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) emphasizes the role of three basic psychological needs (BPNs)—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—in fostering intrinsic motivation and well-being. Research suggests that SDT can increase the understanding of lifestyle changes.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the motivational factors influencing PA engagement among individuals with T2D in the Faroe Islands.

Methods: Two semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight people aged 43–69 years, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: Findings revealed four main themes: (1) Fearing consequences, (2) Starting exercise, (3) Hoping to keep on, and (4) Being social. These themes highlight factors influencing motivation to engage in PA within this group.

Conclusion: The findings provide insight into the motivational drivers among individuals with T2D. Although the sample size is limited, the results suggest areas for further research and potential targets for tailored interventions.