Exercise Training Counteracts Compromised Mitochondrial Capacity Induced by Energy Restriction in Prediabetics in a Sex-Dependent Manner

Magni Mohr, Jerónimo Aragón-Vela, May-Britt Skoradal, Martin Thomassen, Søren Andersen Skriver, Mette Hansen, Ionnis G. Fatouros, Peter Krustrup, Nikolai B. Nordsborg

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to examine if exercise training can counteract energy restriction- induced impairment of mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle of 55–70- years people with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. The potential impact of sex was explored. Fifty sedentary men and women with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome (age: 61 ± 6
(±SD) years, BMI: 29.6 ± 4.7 kg·m−2, body fat content: 37.5% ± 8.2% and VO2max: 22.3 ± 5.7 mL·min−1·kg−1) were randomized to either exercise training and dietary advice (EX- DI) or dietary advice only (DI). Dietary advice aimed to induce weight loss and improve glycemic control. Exercise consisted of 32 ± 2 mixed 30–60 min training sessions with recreational small- sided soccer distributed across 16 weeks. Maximal activity and protein abundance of key regulatory mitochondrial enzymes were determined in m. vastus lateralis pre- and post- intervention. Muscle glycogen content was also determined. Dietary advice only
(DI), impaired (p < 0.001) citrate synthase (CS), and 3- hydroxyacyl- CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) maximal activity by 18% ± 43% and 23% ± 19%, respectively. When combined with exercise training, no dietary impairment of CS or HAD maximal activity was detectable. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and CS protein expression also declined (p < 0.05) in DI and remained unchanged in
EX- DI. In terms of sex differences, a decrease in maximal CS activity in both EX- DI and DI was observed exclusively in men (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, 16 weeks of exercise training counteracts energy restriction- induced impairment in skeletal mitochondrial function in 55- to 70- year- old women and men with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Original languageEnglish
Number of pages12
JournalScandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
Volume34
Issue number12
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 27 Nov 2024

Keywords

  • gender
  • metabolism
  • muscle glycogen
  • nutrition
  • oxidative capacity
  • soccer

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