Abstract
This project collected and analysed new fishery and biological data for plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and lemon sole (Microstomus kitt) in Faroese waters, together with existing datasets, to address longstanding knowledge gaps in the biology and stock status of these two commercially exploited flatfish species. Data from commercial catches, annual demersal trawl surveys, and biological sampling programmes were integrated to investigate growth, maturity, reproductive biology, spatial distribution, and abundance trends.
Spatial patterns in commercial and survey catches were examined to characterise the distribution of both species across Faroese waters and identify areas of relatively high abundance, including potential spawning areas.
Length- and age-based analyses were used to estimate growth parameters and maturity ogives for both species. Biological samples from surveys and commercial landings were used to examine spatial and seasonal patterns in gonad development, including the occurrence of spawning individuals. Length distributions and gonad development stages were analysed by gender throughout the year. These analyses provided new information on the seasonal and spatial distribution of reproductive stages in Faroese waters.
Fishery-independent catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) indices were derived from spring- and summer demersal trawl surveys and incorporated into state-space assessment models (SAM) covering 2016–2024. Although only weakly related to commercial landings, the survey indices provided complementary information on relative abundance and stock dynamics. The assessments integrated catch-at-age, stock weights-at-age, maturity-at-age, and survey age compositions.
Assessment results indicated contrasting stock trajectories between the two species. Spawning-stock biomass of plaice declined throughout the assessment period and reached its lowest estimated level in 2024, accompanied by low recruitment and a moderate increase in fishing mortality. In contrast, lemon sole spawning-stock biomass and total stock biomass fluctuated over the assessment period without a sustained decline, while fishing mortality increased until 2020 before subsequently declining. Recruitment estimates showed considerable uncertainty for both species, particularly in recent years.
The study provides updated biological parameters and the first stock assessments for both species in Faroese waters, providing a basis for future monitoring, assessment development, and management of these stocks.
Spatial patterns in commercial and survey catches were examined to characterise the distribution of both species across Faroese waters and identify areas of relatively high abundance, including potential spawning areas.
Length- and age-based analyses were used to estimate growth parameters and maturity ogives for both species. Biological samples from surveys and commercial landings were used to examine spatial and seasonal patterns in gonad development, including the occurrence of spawning individuals. Length distributions and gonad development stages were analysed by gender throughout the year. These analyses provided new information on the seasonal and spatial distribution of reproductive stages in Faroese waters.
Fishery-independent catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) indices were derived from spring- and summer demersal trawl surveys and incorporated into state-space assessment models (SAM) covering 2016–2024. Although only weakly related to commercial landings, the survey indices provided complementary information on relative abundance and stock dynamics. The assessments integrated catch-at-age, stock weights-at-age, maturity-at-age, and survey age compositions.
Assessment results indicated contrasting stock trajectories between the two species. Spawning-stock biomass of plaice declined throughout the assessment period and reached its lowest estimated level in 2024, accompanied by low recruitment and a moderate increase in fishing mortality. In contrast, lemon sole spawning-stock biomass and total stock biomass fluctuated over the assessment period without a sustained decline, while fishing mortality increased until 2020 before subsequently declining. Recruitment estimates showed considerable uncertainty for both species, particularly in recent years.
The study provides updated biological parameters and the first stock assessments for both species in Faroese waters, providing a basis for future monitoring, assessment development, and management of these stocks.
Henda verkætlan hevur innsavnað og greinað vinnuligt og lívfrøðiligt taltilfar av reyðsprøku (Pleuronectes platessa) og tungu (Microstomus kitt) í føroyskum sjógvi fyri at bøta um manglandi vitan um lívfrøði og stovnsstøðu hjá hesum báðum vinnuliga týdningarmiklu flatfiskasløgunum. Taltilfar frá vinnuligari veiðu, herundir sýnistøku av landingum, og frá árligu botntrols yvirlitskanningum vórðu samantvinnaðar fyri at kanna vøkstur, kynsbúning, gýting, útbreiðslu og broytingar í nøgd.
Mynstur í vinnuligari veiðu og í veiðuni frá yvirlitstrolingunum vórðu kannað fyri at lýsa útbreiðsluna av báðum sløgunum í føroyskum sjógvi og eyðmerkja øki við lutfalsliga høgari mongdum, íroknað møgulig gýtingarøki.
Greiningar av longdar- og aldursdátum vórðu framdar fyri at meta um vakstrarparametrar og kynsbúning hjá báðum sløgum. Lívfrøðilig sýni frá bæði kanningum og vinnuligari veiðu vórðu nýtt til at kanna árstíðar- og útbreiðslumynstur av búningini av rognum og sili, herundir gýtandi fiski. Longdarbýtið og kynsbúningarstig vórðu greinað gjøgnum árið og býtt eftir kyni. Hesar greiningar geva nýggja vitan um árstíðarútbreiðsluna av gýtingar- og búningarstigum í føroyskum sjógvi.
Vinnuliga óheft veiðu-uppá-roynd indeks (CPUE) vórðu roknað fyri vár- og summaryvirlitstrolingarnar og brúkt í aldursbaseraðu stovnsmetingum (SAM) fyri tíðarskeiðið 2016–2024. Hóast veikt samband við vinnuligari veiðu góvu hesi indeks virðismikla og stuðlandi kunning um lutfalsliga nøgd og stovnsmenning.
Stovnsmetingarnar vístu ymiska gongd hjá teimum báðum sløgunum. Gýtingarstovnurin hjá reyðsprøku minkaði gjøgnum tíðarskeiðið í stovnsmetingini og varð mettur at vera á lægsta støði í 2024, samstundis sum tilgongdin var lág og fiskideyðin lutfalsliga høgur. Hjá tungu sveiggjaðu gýtingarstovnurin og heildarstovnurin gjøgnum tíðarskeiðið uttan eina støðuga minking, meðan fiskideyðin vaks fram til 2020 og síðani minkaði. Metingin av tilgongd vísti munandi óvissu.
Verkætlanin gevur dagførdar lívfrøðiligar parametrar og tær fyrstu stovnsmetingarnar fyri bæði reyðsprøku og tungu í føroyskum sjógvi og styrkir sostatt grundarlagið undir framtíðar eftirlit, stovnsmetingum og fyrisiting av hesum stovnum.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Type | Havstovan Technical Report |
| Publisher | Havstovan - Faroe Marine Research Institute |
| Number of pages | 163 |
| Place of Publication | Tórshavn |
| Edition | 07 |
| Volume | 26 |
| Publication status | Published - Sept 2026 |
UN SDGs
This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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SDG 14 Life Below Water
Keywords
- Flatfish
- Stock assessment
- Growth and maturity
- Reproductive biology
- Abundance trends
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